What potential risk is associated with using amphotericin B in patients with existing cardiac issues?

What potential risk is associated with using amphotericin B in patients with existing cardiac issues?

• A. Increased blood pressure
• B. Exacerbation of electrolyte imbalances
• C. Enhanced respiratory distress
• D. Delayed wound healing

Answer: (B)

Amphotericin B is known for its ability to bind to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, leading to fungal cell death, but it also has notable side effects, particularly concerning electrolyte imbalances. This antifungal agent can cause significant renal toxicity, which may lead to disturbances in electrolyte levels in the body, including hypokalemia (low potassium) and hypomagnesemia (low magnesium). For patients with existing cardiac issues, these electrolyte imbalances can have serious implications. Electrolyte levels play a crucial role in cardiac function; for instance, potassium is vital for maintaining normal heart rhythm. Therefore, hypokalemia can potentially lead to arrhythmias, which would exacerbate any pre-existing cardiac conditions. In contrast, other options such as increased blood pressure, enhanced respiratory distress, or delayed wound healing are not directly associated with amphotericin B's common side effects as they relate to the cardiac system. Instead, the impact on electrolyte balance poses a direct risk that necessitates careful monitoring in patients with cardiac issues receiving this antifungal treatment.

Amphotericin B is known for its ability to bind to ergosterol in fungal cell membranes, leading to fungal cell death, but it also has notable side effects, particularly concerning electrolyte imbalances. This antifungal agent can cause significant renal toxicity, which may lead to disturbances in electrolyte levels in the body, including hypokalemia (low potassium) and hypomagnesemia (low magnesium).

For patients with existing cardiac issues, these electrolyte imbalances can have serious implications. Electrolyte levels play a crucial role in cardiac function; for instance, potassium is vital for maintaining normal heart rhythm. Therefore, hypokalemia can potentially lead to arrhythmias, which would exacerbate any pre-existing cardiac conditions.

In contrast, other options such as increased blood pressure, enhanced respiratory distress, or delayed wound healing are not directly associated with amphotericin B's common side effects as they relate to the cardiac system. Instead, the impact on electrolyte balance poses a direct risk that necessitates careful monitoring in patients with cardiac issues receiving this antifungal treatment.